crash on セイント～あぁ主よ、教え子達に堕とされた私をお許し下さい～

I couldn't get it to run on Windows 10/11 either. Same behavior you described, the window briefly opens but that's it.
I fiddled with the config and compatability options but to no avail.

Then I tested it on a Windows XP x64 install on a virtual machine I use for some other older games. It started without problems.
The official page lists it as running on Windows2000/XP/Vista/7 so this seems to hold true in this case.

Since there doesn't seem to be a patch around to make it compatible with newer OS (at least I couldn't find any), most likely your only option is to install Windows2000/XP/Vista/7 on a virtual machine, a spare machine/laptop or dual boot (which I would not recommend).

If you are interested in setting up a virtual machine here is a guide for Windows 98 and Windows 2000 that was shared pretty recently.